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INDEX
INTRODUCTION
PART 1. Operate ARPA and Navigation Controls
PART 2. Perform Radar Plotting
PART 3. Use ARPA and Navigation Information to Control Safe Navigation and Collision Avoidance
PART 4. Plan and Co-ordinate Search and Rescue
 
The course is essentially practical and consists of a series of exercises performed on a radar simulator with two or more own-ships and a number of others controlled by the instructor. Each exercise will involve observing the movement of ships seen on the radar, recognizing those presenting a threat of collision and taking action to avoid collisions. Trainees will act either as master or as an observing officer for the exercises, and will change roles to allow each a turn in command of an own-ship. As the course progresses, exercises of increasing complexity are set to provide realistic practice in the use of radar for navigation and collision avoidance in confined waters with heavy traffic. Each exercise will be followed by class discussion, giving participants the opportunity to analyse the actions taken and discuss possible alternatives.
This model course aims to meet the mandatory minimum requirements for knowledge, understanding and proficiency in Table A-Il/2 of STCW 1995.
 
Those successfully completing this course will be able to make efficient and effective use of radar as a navigational aid in congested, confined waters, recognize potential threats and make valid navigational and collision-avoidancedecisions based on sound radar observation and plotting in compliance with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREG). They will be aware of the time needed to appreciate that a dangerous situation is developing, to decide upon and take appropriate action, and to ascertain that such action is adequate and does not give rise to further conflicts with other vessels. They will also realize that excessive speed in poor visibility reduces the time available to assess a threat and to take appropriate action. Ability to plan, organise and manage a bridge team, making use of all navigational data, will also be achieved. Successful completion of this course will also provide ability to respond to, co-ordinate and execute a search and rescue operation.
 
Open sea scenario The open sea scenario is suitable for exercises in the revision of radar plotting techniques, including the use of reflection plotters, if available. By having no navigational obstructions, students can concentrate on plotting. The workload should be moderate at first, and should increase thereafter as the trainees gain in ability. It is recommended to start with between 3 and 5 targets and, until such time as the instructor is satisfied that the trainees are sufficiently skilled in their plotting, encounters should not be allowed to develop past the point where avoidance action should normally be initiated. This stage should be followed by more complex exercises introducing threat assessment and the need for collision avoidance manoeuvres.Evasive action should involve two or more targets, with course and speed to be resumed when safe to do so.
 
Traffic separation scheme (TSS) scenario The TSS scenario is recommended for exercises in the application of COLREG provisions in and near a traffic separation scheme. Relevant charts, sailing directions and any associated mariners’ routing guide will contain information on the planning and execution of passages through such waters. Exercises which involve entering, leaving and crossing traffic lanes should be constructed. Trainees should also have to contend with strong tidal streams. By varying the number of targets introduced, the instructor can make exercises as demanding as required. Emphasis should be placed on radar navigation and track keeping in addition to the need to comply with rule 10 and all other rules of COLREG. When it is only possible to simulate a narrow channel in which no TSS is established, the instructor may introduce a typical TSS on the charts provided.Additional navigational hazards can also be added.
 
The time spent on debriefing should occupy between 15% and 20% of the total time used for simulator exercises. Various facilities may be available to assist in debriefing, such as playback (in which the whole exercise is recorded and any sequence is available for discussion), X-Y plotters (which record the tracks made by own-ships and targets, and are a valuable tool in exercises involving separation schemes), or logging equipment (which provides a printout of own-ships manoeuvres). The instructor should refer to the summary made during the exercise to raise important points and to direct the discussion among the trainees. The instructor should encourage them to criticize the actions taken by the own-ships and to discuss the exercise with. their fellow trainees.He should avoid imposing his own views. Where suggestions are made for different avoiding actions, the simulator can be used to demonstrate the effect and show the displays as seen by the various own-ships.